An analysis of the interrelationship among trade openness, institutional quality and economic growth: Empirical evidence from Pakistan

Contemporary development economists are focusing more on the influence of trade openness and institutional quality economic in developing nations. Effective institutions thought to be essential for increasing progress, especially countries. Trade liberalization has been since mid-1980s. The term "trade openness" refers removal or reduction obstacles between countries promotion free trade. Twenty years ago, a consensus emerged that strongly promoted growth. Developing economies including Pakistan rapidly moving due its numerous advantages. From 1984 2018, this research sought uncover relationships quality, openness, Pakistan's To achieve goals research, state-of-the-art econometric methodologies were applied various findings. Descriptive statistics used determine data's center tendency skewness. check stationary problem all series, ADF Philips-Perron unit root tests used. Both recommended using ARDL bounds test. Two indices created study: one gauge other measure openness. main factors growth according empirical According will only successful if policymakers seek improve political